专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device for acquiring a characteristic image of a body (201), comprising: an image sensor (101) comprising a plurality of photosensitive cells (103); and a layer (107) of a material whose color varies according to a physical parameter characteristic of said body (201), coating a face of the sensor (101).
公开号:FR3032042A1
申请号:FR1550539
申请日:2015-01-23
公开日:2016-07-29
发明作者:Jean-Marie Verilhac
申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA;Isorg SA;Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

[0001] B13779 - DD15739E0 1 DEVICE FOR ACQUIRING A CHARACTERISTIC IMAGE OF A BODY Domain The present application relates to the acquisition of a characteristic image of a body. It relates more particularly to the acquisition of an image representative of the patterns formed by the crests and troughs of the skin of a finger or any other part of the human body (fingerprint, palm footprint, footprint, etc.), but may, more generally, relate to other applications, as explained in more detail at the end of this description.
[0002] DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART Various devices and methods have been proposed for performing an electronic acquisition of a fingerprint, that is to say to provide an electronic image representative of the patterns formed by the crests and hollows of the skin. a finger.
[0003] In particular, optical sensors have been proposed, that is to say sensors comprising a plurality of identical or similar photosensitive elementary acquisition cells (or pixels) formed in and / or on a substrate, each cell generally comprising an optical element. photoelectric conversion and one or more control transistors of this element. In particular, optical sensors have been proposed in which the surface of the sensor is substantially identical to the surface of the impression to be acquired, and in which no magnifying or reducing focusing optical system (objective) or optical system is used. distance (prism-based system) is placed between the pixels of the sensor and the body of which we wish to acquire an image.
[0004] Sensors of this type have the advantage of being relatively thin due to the absence of optical system, and therefore can be easily integrated in many devices. Such sensors, which will be called hereinafter "flat" sensors, may for example be made in CMOS technology, the pixels 10 being then formed in and on a semiconductor substrate, for example silicon. However, because of the relatively large surface area of these sensors, their realization in CMOS technology is expensive. Thus, in many applications, it is preferred to use flat sensors made of TFT (Thin Film Transistor) technology, i.e. in which the pixels are formed on a thin film transistor. supporting substrate of a low cost material, eg glass, by successive deposition of conductive layers, insulating layers, and semiconductor layers on the support substrate. Conventionally, during a phase of acquisition of an image representative of a fingerprint by means of a flat sensor, the user places his finger on one face of the sensor, for example the side on which side are arranged the pixels, and the sensor is illuminated by its opposite face with the aid of a light source. Light emitted by the source passes through transparent areas of the set formed by the substrate and the pixels. The light is then backscattered by the finger towards the photoelectric conversion elements of the sensor, with, at each pixel, a more or less attenuation depending on whether the skin portion situated above the cell corresponds to a peak or to a hollow of the skin of the finger. Alternatively, the light source can be placed next to the finger, especially if the substrate is non-transparent, the light can then be brought to the surface of the finger by a plane wave guide disposed between the two fingers. pixels and the finger. The image of the impression is acquired by the sensor while the user's finger is placed on the sensor, then the user removes his finger from the sensor at the end of the acquisition.
[0005] In general, a problem that arises in this type of sensor is that the presence of the user's finger at a small distance from the pixels of the sensor during acquisition makes it difficult to illuminate the finger without illuminating at the same time directly. the pixels of the sensor. The stray light that reaches the sensor's pixels without passing through the finger then generates a bright background noise that degrades the detection performance of the sensor. SUMMARY Thus, an embodiment provides a device for acquiring a body image, comprising: an image sensor having a plurality of photosensitive cells; and a layer of a material whose color varies according to a physical parameter characteristic of the body, coating a face of the sensor.
[0006] According to one embodiment, the parameter is a parameter of the group comprising the temperature of the material, the pressure applied to the material, the moisture content of the material, the pH of a fluid applied to the material, and the concentration of the material. a chemical or biological marker applied to the material. According to one embodiment, the material is a thermochromic ink, for example based on thermochromic liquid crystals or based on leuco dye. According to one embodiment, the sensor comprises a substrate in and / or on which the photosensitive cells are arranged. According to one embodiment, the layer is disposed on the side of the face of the substrate comprising the photosensitive cells.
[0007] According to one embodiment, the layer is disposed on the opposite side of the substrate opposite the photosensitive cells. According to one embodiment, each photosensitive cell comprises a single photodetector and at least one photodetector control transistor. According to one embodiment, each photosensitive cell comprises a plurality of sensitive photodetectors in distinct wavelength ranges, and at least one photodetector control transistor.
[0008] According to one embodiment, the layer is discontinuous, and is located only opposite the photosensitive cells of the sensor. Another embodiment provides a method of using a device of the aforementioned type, comprising the following successive steps: placing the body from which it is desired to acquire an image in contact or in quasi-contact with the layer; remove the body from the layer; and acquire an image of the layer by means of the sensor. According to one embodiment, the body is a portion of skin of a portion of the human body, for example a portion of the skin of a finger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other features and advantages will be set forth in detail in the following description of particular embodiments in a non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying figures in which: FIG. Fig. 1 is a section schematically showing an example of an embodiment of an acquisition device 30 showing the device acquisition representative of an image of a Fig. 1; electronic fingerprint; FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are diagrammatic sectional views of an example of a fingerprint process using FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing an alternative embodiment of the device of FIG. figure 1 ; Figure 4 is a sectional view schematically showing another alternative embodiment of the device of Figure 1. Figure 5 is a sectional view schematically showing another alternative embodiment of the device of Figure 1.
[0009] DETAILED DESCRIPTION For the sake of clarity, the same elements have been designated with the same references in the various figures and, in addition, the various figures are not drawn to scale. Furthermore, in the remainder of the description, unless otherwise indicated, directional references such as "upper", "lower", "overlying", "above", etc., apply to oriented devices of the illustrated in the corresponding views, it being understood that, in practice, these devices may be oriented differently.
[0010] Fig. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an example of an embodiment of a device for electronically acquiring an image of a fingerprint. The device of FIG. 1 comprises an optical sensor 101, comprising a plurality of elementary photosensitive acquisition cells 103, or pixels, identical or similar. The pixels 103 are arranged in and / or on a support substrate 105 of the sensor. The substrate 105 may be transparent or opaque. By way of example, the substrate 105 is an insulating substrate, for example a glass or plastic substrate, and the pixels 103 are made in TFT technology on the upper surface of the substrate 105. Alternatively, the substrate 105 is a semiconductor substrate, for example silicon, and the pixels 103 are made in CMOS technology in and on the substrate 105, on the side of the upper surface of the substrate 105.
[0011] Each pixel 103 comprises, for example, one or more photoelectric conversion elements, and one or more control transistors of this element. The photoelectric conversion element or photodetector may be a photodiode, for example a PN junction photodiode or a PIN type photodiode (pinched photodiode), or, more generally, any element adapted to convert light radiation into an electrical signal, for example a phototransistor, a photoresistor, an organic photodiode, etc. Each pixel may further comprise a lens adapted to focus the light received by the pixel on the photoelectric conversion element of the pixel. The pixels 103 are for example arranged in a matrix according to rows and columns. The inter-pixel pitch of the sensor 101 is, for example, of the order of 50 μm, for example between 30 and 70 μm, it being understood that the described embodiments are not limited to this particular example. In this example, the sensor 101 is a flat optical sensor of the type mentioned above, that is to say of the type capable of acquiring an image of a fingerprint without a magnifying or reducing lens and without an optical system. prism-based separation between the pixels of the sensor and the finger of which it is desired to acquire an image. Viewed from above, the surface of the sensor 101 is for example of the same order of magnitude as the surface of the impression to be acquired.
[0012] It should be noted that the embodiment of the sensor 101, and more particularly the pixels 103 of the sensor 101, has not been detailed in the present application, the described embodiments being compatible with most existing sensor structures. images.
[0013] According to one aspect of an embodiment, the device of FIG. 1 comprises a layer 107 of a material whose color varies according to a physical parameter characteristic of the body whose image is to be acquired, that is to say in this case, the skin of the finger. By way of example, the layer 107 is a layer made of a thermochromic material, that is to say a material whose color varies as a function of its temperature. In the example of FIG. 1, the layer 107 covers the upper surface of the sensor 101. FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are sectional views illustrating the progress of an image acquisition phase of a fingerprint by means of the device of FIG. 1. In a first step, illustrated by FIG. 2A, the user places his finger 201 in contact or in quasi-contact with the upper surface of the layer 107, for example unless 1 mm of the upper surface of the layer 107. As a result, the color of the layer 107 varies, because of the warming of this layer by the finger. The temperature of the layer 107, and thus the color taken by the layer 107, is different in the areas of the layer 107 opposite ridges of the skin of the finger, and in the areas of the layer 107 facing the skin of the finger. Thus, the pattern formed by the ridges and troughs of the skin of the finger is retranscribed in a colored pattern (or dark and light) on the layer 107. The application time of the finger in contact or in quasi-contact with the layer 107 can be adjusted according to the nature of the layer 107, to obtain a good transcript of the pattern of the fingerprint on the layer 107. In a second step illustrated by Figure 2B, the user removes his finger from the device. The colored pattern revealed on the layer 107 during the first step then persists for a certain period of remanence which depends on the nature of the layer 107. An image of the colored pattern revealed on the layer 107 is then acquired by the sensor 101 during this period of persistence. The layer 107 is preferably made to have a period of remanence compatible with the acquisition time of an image by the sensor 101. For example, the layer 107 has a period of remanence of between 1 ms and 300 s and preferably between 100 ms and 5 s. When acquiring the image, the user's finger no longer being located above the sensor, the sensor B3779 - DD15739E0 8 can be illuminated via the upper face of the device, as illustrated by the arrows referenced 203 in Figure 2B. The illumination light of the sensor must then pass through the layer 107 to reach the pixels of the sensor. In practice, in many configurations, the ambient light may be sufficient to acquire an image of the pattern of the imprint via the sensor 101. However, if the ambient luminous flux is too small to allow acquisition of the image, by For example, if it is less than 10 nW / cm 2, the acquisition device may comprise a complementary illumination source 10 disposed above the layer 107. After the acquisition, at the end of the afterglow period, the Colored pattern representative of the fingerprint disappears from layer 107, as illustrated in Figure 2C. The layer 107 then resumes, for example, a uniform color, which is a function of the ambient temperature. The layer 107 is for example made of an ink based on thermochromic liquid crystals, that is to say an ink in which are dispersed microcapsules filled with a liquid crystal whose color varies as a function of its temperature. Generally, a thermochromic liquid crystal ink is black below a threshold temperature T1, and then gradually changes color by traversing the entire visible spectrum (generally red then green then blue) between the temperature T1 and a temperature T2 greater than the temperature. temperature T1, then becomes black again above the temperature T2. In this case, each pixel 103 of the sensor 101 preferably comprises a plurality of sensitive photodetectors in distinct wavelength ranges, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 3, in which each pixel 103 comprises a red-sensitive photodetector. (R), a green sensitive photodetector (G), and a blue sensitive photodetector (B). Each photodetector may comprise a specific color filter defining its sensitivity range. The color filters are preferably low bandwidth filters, for example less than 100 nm (in wavelength). The number of photodetectors and the respective sensitivity ranges of the photodetectors of each pixel 103 of the sensor may be adapted depending on the type of ink used and the desired detection accuracy. Moreover, the choice of the ink used may be the subject of a compromise between the desired detection accuracy and the compatibility of the device with various finger temperatures. Indeed, if the temperature range T1-T2 in which the color of the layer 107 varies, also called bandwidth of the layer 107, is narrow, the color variation between a peak and a hollow of the skin of a finger will be relatively marked, and can therefore be detected relatively easily with a small number of photodiodes per pixel. On the other hand, since the device is compatible only with fingers whose average surface temperature is between T1 and T2, acquisition of certain imprints may not be possible. On the other hand, if the bandwidth T1-T2 of the layer 107 is wide, the device will be compatible with fingers of various average temperatures, but the color variation between a peak and a hollow of the skin of a finger will be relatively unmarked, and will require a larger number of photodetectors per pixel to be detected with good accuracy. An alternative may be to provide a plurality of acquisition devices having layers 107 having relatively narrow bandwidths, juxtaposed to cover a wide range of operating temperatures with good accuracy, while retaining a limited number of photodetectors per pixel. In this case, during a phase of acquisition of a fingerprint, a preliminary step of measuring the temperature of the finger of the user can be provided, the user then being asked to position his finger on the compatible device with the measured temperature. Alternatively, the layer 107 may be made of a leuco dye ink, i.e. an ink 3032042 B13779 - DD15739E0 in which are dispersed microcapsules filled with leuco- thermochromic dye (usually in liquid form), i.e., a dye whose molecules can pass from a colored form to a transparent form depending on the temperature. Generally, a thermochromic leucocolorant ink is stained below a threshold temperature T1, then gradually becomes transparent between a temperature T1 and a temperature T2, and remains transparent beyond the temperature T2.
[0014] In this case, each pixel 103 of the sensor 101 may comprise only one photodetector, the transmittance variations of the layer 107 being retranscribed on the sensor 101 in gray level variations. Moreover, as before, the choice of the bandwidth of the ink used may be a compromise between the desired detection accuracy and the compatibility of the device with various finger temperatures. It will be appreciated, however, that the passbands of the leuco dye thermochromic inks are generally substantially larger than the passbands of the liquid crystal thermochromic inks. By way of illustrative example, the average surface temperature of a finger is generally between 36 and 41 ° C., the difference in temperature between a peak and a hollow of the skin of a finger at the level of the upper surface of the finger. device 25 may be between 0.01 and 0.1 ° C, for example of the order of 0.03 ° C, the bandwidth of a liquid crystal thermochromic ink may be between 0.1 and 1 ° C, and the bandwidth of a leuco-dye thermochromic ink may be between 2 and 5 ° C.
[0015] For liquid crystal inks as well as for leuco dye inks, the dimensions of the microcapsules are preferably smaller than the dimensions of the pixels 103 of the sensor 101. For example, the diameter of the microcapsules is at least 10 times smaller than the no inter-pixel sensor. For example, the diameter of the microcapsules is between 1 and 5. The layer 107 may, for example, be deposited by screen printing, by ink jet printing, in the form of a spray ("spray coating"). "), by spin coating or, more generally, by any other known deposition method. By way of example, the thickness of the layer 107 is between 1 and 100 μm. A protective layer, not shown, may optionally coat the upper surface of the layer 107. The protective layer is preferably relatively transparent to the light, at the detection wavelengths of the sensor 101. In addition, the protective layer is preferably thin enough not to disturb the retranscription of the fingerprint pattern on the layer 107. By way of non-limiting example, the protective layer is a parylene layer, a silicon nitride layer, a layer of alumina oxide, or a layer of a fluoropolymer of the CYTOP type. The protective layer has, for example, a thickness of less than 1 μm, for example of the order of 100 nm. The protective layer is deposited for example by monatomic layer deposition (ALD), by chemical vapor deposition (CVD, PECVD), by liquid, by evaporation, or, more generally, by any other known deposition method. This layer may have isotropic or anisotropic thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the sensor 101 may optionally comprise an encapsulation film, not shown, disposed between the pixels 103 and the layer 107, in particular to protect the sensor 101 mechanically (for example against shocks) and / or vis-à-vis 30 of the environment (humidity, ... etc.). FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically illustrating an alternative embodiment of a fingerprint acquisition device of the type described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0016] In the example of FIG. 4, the acquisition device comprises the same elements as in the example described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, and differs from the example of FIGS. 1 and 3 in FIG. in the example of FIG. 4, the layer 107 is not a continuous layer covering the entire surface of the sensor 101, but is a discontinuous layer coating only the pixels 103 or part of the surface of each pixel 103. In the example of FIG. 4, the layer 107 may be deposited by any known method allowing a localized deposition of the material constituting it, for example by screen printing, inkjet printing, heliography, flexography, etc. Alternatively, the layer 107 may, in a first step, be deposited on the entire surface of the sensor 101, and then be removed locally, for example between the pixels 103, by any suitable localized removal method, for example by ablation. laser, lithography or photolithography followed by etching, etc. In the example of FIG. 4, the discretization of the layer 107 in pixels located on the pixels notably makes it possible to improve the spatial resolution of the image by limiting the thermal diffusion between the pixels. FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically illustrating another variant embodiment of a fingerprint acquisition device of the type described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
[0017] The device of FIG. 5 differs from the examples described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 essentially in that, in the example of FIG. 5, the variable color layer 107 is arranged on the side of the underside of the substrate 105. , that is to say on the side of the substrate 105 opposite the pixels 103.
[0018] The operation of the device of FIG. 5 is similar or identical to what has been previously described, except that, during a phase of acquiring an image of a fingerprint, the finger (not shown) ) of the user is placed on the underside of the device (in contact with or in virtual contact with the underside of the layer 107) during the retranscription phase of the imprint pattern on the layer 107 At the actual acquisition of the image by the sensor 101 (after the finger removal of the user), the sensor is illuminated by its underside, the illumination light passing through the layer 107 and the substrate 105 to reach the pixels 103. Note that in this embodiment, the substrate 105 is chosen to be transparent to the detection wavelengths of the device. By way of example, the substrate 105 is made of glass.
[0019] An advantage of the embodiments described is that they make it possible to produce an acquisition device that is particularly compact and simple to produce. In particular, sensor lighting management is significantly simplified compared to existing optical fingerprint sensors.
[0020] Particular embodiments have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, the embodiments described are not limited to the particular example of application described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, namely the application to the acquisition of fingerprints. Those skilled in the art will in particular be able to adapt the described embodiments to devices for acquiring an image representative of the skin patterns of any other part of the human body, for example the patterns of the palm of the hand, the foot, etc. In addition, the described embodiments are not limited to the acquisition of characteristic images of portions of the human body. For example, the embodiments described can be adapted to produce a device for acquiring an image representative of a signature, for example a thermal signature, of any type of body, for example an electronic device. In addition, the embodiments are not limited to the particular example described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 wherein the variable color layer 107 is a thermochromic material layer. More generally, the variable color layer may be any material whose color varies, preferably reversibly, depending on any physical parameter characteristic of the body whose image is to be acquired. By way of example, in the case of a fingerprint acquisition device 5, the layer 107 may be made of a piezochromic material (for example a piezochromic ink), that is to say a material whose color varies according to the pressure applied to it, or to a hydrochromic material (for example a hydrochromic ink), that is to say a material whose color varies according to its moisture content, or a material whose color varies as a function of the pH of a fluid applied to its surface, or a material whose color varies as a function of the concentration of a chemical or biological marker applied to its surface. All these physical parameters are in fact characteristic of the human skin, and their variations at the level of the surface of the layer 107 are likely to make it possible to discriminate the peaks of the hollows of the skin of a finger, or, more generally, to discriminate all types of skin structure of a portion of the human body.
[0021] In addition, the embodiments described are not limited to the example described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 in which the sensor 101 is a flat sensor. Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the described embodiments in the case where the sensor 101 comprises a magnifying or reducing optical system, for example an objective, or a prism-based optical system, between the pixels of the sensor and the layer 107. In addition, the embodiments described are compatible with substrates (105 in the examples shown) that are rigid, flexible or conformable.
权利要求:
Claims (11)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A body image acquisition device (201), comprising: an image sensor (101) having a plurality of photosensitive cells (103); and a layer (107) of a material whose color varies according to a physical parameter characteristic of said body (201), coating a face of the sensor (101).
[0002]
2. Device according to claim 1, wherein said parameter is a parameter of the group comprising the temperature of the material, the pressure applied to the material, the moisture content of the material, the pH of a fluid applied to the material, and the concentration of a chemical or biological marker applied to the material.
[0003]
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said material is a thermochromic ink, for example based on thermochromic or leuco-dyestuff liquid crystals.
[0004]
The device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensor (101) comprises a substrate (105) in and / or on which the photosensitive cells (103) are disposed.
[0005]
5. Device according to claim 4, wherein the layer (107) is disposed on the side of the face of the substrate (105) comprising the photosensitive cells (103).
[0006]
The device of claim 4, wherein the layer (107) is disposed on the side of the face of the substrate (105) opposite to the photosensitive cells (103).
[0007]
The device of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein each photosensitive cell (103) comprises a single photodetector and at least one photodetector control transistor.
[0008]
An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each photosensitive cell (103) comprises a plurality of sensitive photodetectors in discrete wave length ranges, and at least one photodetector control transistor. .
[0009]
9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the layer (107) is discontinuous, and is located only opposite the photosensitive cells (103) of the sensor.
[0010]
10. A method of using a device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following successive steps: placing the body (201) which one wishes to acquire an image in contact or in quasi-contact with the layer ( 107); removing the body (201) from the layer (107); and acquiring an image of the layer (107) by means of the sensor (101).
[0011]
The method of claim 10, wherein the body (201) is a skin portion of a portion of the human body, for example a portion of the skin of a finger.
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2016-01-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
2016-07-29| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160729 |
2017-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
2018-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
2020-01-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
2021-10-08| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20210905 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
FR1550539|2015-01-23|
FR1550539A|FR3032042B1|2015-01-23|2015-01-23|DEVICE FOR ACQUIRING A CHARACTERISTIC IMAGE OF A BODY|FR1550539A| FR3032042B1|2015-01-23|2015-01-23|DEVICE FOR ACQUIRING A CHARACTERISTIC IMAGE OF A BODY|
EP16152192.7A| EP3048562B1|2015-01-23|2016-01-21|Device for acquiring a characteristic image of a body|
US15/004,826| US10178284B2|2015-01-23|2016-01-22|Device for acquiring a characteristic image of a body|
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